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AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.

Valuable CAS 1336-21-6 / BUFFERING, DENATURANT

Ammonium Hydroxide is a strong alkaline agent primarily used as a pH adjuster in cosmetic formulations. It is crucial for balancing acidity, especially in products containing alpha hydroxy acids, to ensure product stability and efficacy.

buffering denaturant pH adjusting

Science

This ingredient functions by releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) to neutralize acidic components in a formula. At higher concentrations, its alkalinity can disrupt cellular lipids, leading to irritation, but when properly formulated, it safely modifies pH.


Research

High confidence
Effective range 0.1–2%
Optimal

N/A

Key findings

  1. 01 Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Safety Assessment (2018)
  2. 02 Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)

Transparency

Not commonly dusted

No data available indicates that ammonium hydroxide is commonly 'dusted' or used at excessively low, ineffective concentrations in formulations.


The Formula

Solubility
Water
Optimal pH 4.5 – 7
0 7 14

Stability

Ammonium hydroxide is highly volatile; its concentration can decrease over time due to ammonia gas evaporation if not stored in airtight packaging. It remains stable in sealed aqueous solutions.

Conflicts

  • Strong acids (exothermic reaction)
  • Copper and copper alloys (corrosion)
  • Zinc
  • Chlorine-based products (toxic gas formation)
  • Formaldehyde

Safety

CIR Status
Safe with restrictions
Max tested
6%
Sensitization risk Unknown

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) found ammonium hydroxide safe for use in cosmetics when formulated to be non-irritating. The EU mandates specific labeling and restricts ammonia content to 6% in professional hair products.


Your Skin

Yes Normal
Yes Dry
Yes Oily
No Sensitive
Irritancy Moderate
Comedogenicity Low

Our Assessment

Valuable

Ammonium Hydroxide is a valuable ingredient for precise pH adjustment in formulations, especially with active acids, when used within safe, non-irritating concentrations.


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