Science
Mechanism of Action
Upon application, aluminum ions penetrate sweat glands. There, they react with sweat's higher pH, forming a temporary gel-like aluminum hydroxide plug within the eccrine ducts. This physical barrier prevents sweat from reaching the skin surface, gradually shedding with natural skin renewal.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence25%
Key findings
- 01 Effective concentrations (10-20%) reduce sweat by 20-60%.
- 02 FDA permits usage up to 25% (anhydrous basis) in OTC antiperspirant products.
- 03 Percutaneous penetration on healthy skin is very low (approx. 0.00052%), indicating negligible systemic toxicity.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
This ingredient is highly pH-sensitive; values above 5.0 trigger premature precipitation of insoluble aluminum hydroxide. The propylene glycol complex enhances its solubility, particularly in anhydrous or low-water formulations, improving product stability.
Conflicts
- Phosphate buffers
- Citrate buffers
- Strongly alkaline ingredients
- Anionic surfactants
Safety
Safety Profile
Regulatory bodies, including FDA and SCCS, deem it safe within specified concentrations; FDA permits up to 25% (anhydrous) in OTC products. Percutaneous penetration is negligible (0.00052%), mitigating systemic toxicity concerns, and it is not classified as a CMR substance.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
An indispensable ingredient for effective sweat control, offering proven antiperspirant efficacy with a strong safety profile and negligible systemic absorption.
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References
Sources