Science
Mechanism of Action
This disazo dye imparts color by depositing onto skin keratin through ionic bonding. It lacks biological activity on skin cells but has the potential for reductive cleavage, forming aromatic amines with toxicological implications.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Low confidenceN/A
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Expected to be stable across a wide pH range (1-11), dissolving in water and ethanol to yield yellow-brown to orange-red shades.
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
- Strong reducing agents
- Strongly acidic conditions < pH 1.0
Safety
Safety Profile
Restricted or banned in multiple regions for cosmetic use, including a ban in the EU for hair dyes, due to the potential release of carcinogenic metabolites such as 2,4-dimethylbenzenamine (xylidine).
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
This ingredient is unsuitable for precision skincare due to its potential to form carcinogenic metabolites and its restricted status in numerous jurisdictions.
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References
Sources