Science
Mechanism of Action
Active compounds including farnesol disrupt microbial cell membranes while providing antimicrobial protection. Tannins deliver astringent effects that promote skin tightening and wound contraction. Phenolic compounds like methyl gallate and naringenin contribute antioxidant activity by suppressing inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Low confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 In vitro antimicrobial testing showed MIC of 0.8 mg/mL against Bacillus subtilis, with reduced effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria
- 02 Cosmetic manufacturer data supports 0.5-5% usage primarily for sensory and fragrance benefits rather than proven clinical efficacy
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Limited clinical data and primarily fragrance-focused applications suggest minimal dusting concerns
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Maintain temperatures below 60°C during processing. Add to water phase of formulations. Available as glycolic or aqueous-glycerin extract preparations.
Conflicts
- High temperatures above 60°C
- Strongly alkaline conditions with pH above 7.0
Safety
Safety Profile
CIR evaluation in 2023/2024 deemed safety data insufficient, specifically lacking usage concentration and sensitization studies. Conservative 0.04% limit referenced from comparable botanical extracts.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Limited clinical evidence and unresolved safety questions make this primarily a fragrance ingredient with unproven skincare benefits.
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References
Sources