Science
Mechanism of Action
Functions as a fragrance component through its inherent fruity-herbaceous odor profile, while undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis by skin esterases to yield 2-methylbutanol and isovaleric acid metabolites.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence1.6%
Key findings
- 01 Maximum recommended usage in fragrance applications with non-sensitizing profile
- 02 Demonstrated irritation index of 0.04 in hops extract applications
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Primarily used as fragrance component at established safe levels rather than marketed for therapeutic benefits
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Demonstrates excellent stability in alcoholic and emulsion systems, with potential hydrolysis concerns in highly alkaline environments due to ester bond vulnerability
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
- Strong bases
- Strong acids
Safety
Safety Profile
Classified as Cramer Class I with low toxicity profile and no expected genotoxic, photoirritating, or photoallergenic potential
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A well-tolerated fragrance ingredient suitable for all skin types when aesthetic enhancement through apple-berry scent notes is desired.
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References
Sources