Science
Mechanism of Action
Functions as a dual-purpose ingredient that disrupts bacterial cell membranes to provide antimicrobial effects while acting as a lipid-disrupting solvent that can enhance the penetration of other active ingredients, though this defatting action may compromise barrier function at higher concentrations.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Low confidence2.5%
Key findings
- 01 In vitro antibacterial activity demonstrated at 0.1-5% concentrations
- 02 Maximum safe usage level established at 5.0% in fragrance applications
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Not typically used as a marketing ingredient due to its functional role as solvent and fragrance component rather than active skincare benefit
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Demonstrates good stability across standard cosmetic pH ranges with water solubility of 3.3-4.5 g/L and high compatibility with ethanol and oil phases
Synergies
- AHA compounds (as solvent enhancer)
- Other fragrance components
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
Safety
Safety Profile
ECHA classifies as skin and eye irritant in concentrated form; recognized as FEMA GRAS flavoring agent but requires concentration limits for topical use
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A functional ingredient with limited skincare benefits that serves specific solvent and fragrance needs but requires careful concentration management due to irritation potential.
Related
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References
Sources
Keep exploring
From ingredients to everyday care.
Sensitive skin ↗
Start with comfort, product choices and the questions to ask.
Barrier support ↗
Understand moisture, lipids and the limits of ingredient claims.
Ingredient names help you read a label. They do not establish how a finished product will perform. Explore The Garden.