Science
Mechanism of Action
Functions as an oxidative coupler by reacting with primary intermediates like p-phenylenediamine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to form large-molecule pigment polymers that become trapped within hair shafts. Its phenolic structure also provides mild antiseptic activity through disruption of microbial cell membranes.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 CIR safety assessment demonstrating effective coupling action at 0.1-1.0% in oxidative hair dye systems
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Specialized ingredient primarily used in hair dye applications rather than general cosmetic formulations
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Requires alkaline conditions for optimal reactivity, with pKa around 10.22-10.41. Hygroscopic nature necessitates storage under inert gas and protection from light exposure.
Synergies
- p-phenylenediamine
- hydrogen peroxide
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
- Strong acids
- Copper and brass alloys
- Aluminium
Safety
Safety Profile
CIR panel deems safe for hair dye applications but explicitly unsafe for dermal coloring or eye area use. Known skin irritant and sensitizer in concentrated form.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
High irritation potential and specialized alkaline requirements make this ingredient unsuitable for precision skincare applications.
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References
Sources