Science
Mechanism of Action
Functions as a secondary intermediate in oxidative coloring reactions, combining with primary precursors in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to create complex pigment molecules too large to wash out of hair shafts
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence2%
Key findings
- 01 CIR safety assessment at 4.0% showed minimal eye irritation and slight skin irritation in animal models
- 02 SCCS evaluation established 2.0% as maximum safe concentration for on-head hair dye applications
- 03 LLNA testing revealed EC3 value of 3.2%, classifying moderate sensitization potential
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Specialized hair coloring agent not typically subject to concentration inflation in cosmetic formulations
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Maintains stability for 6 hours at ambient temperature and 9 days refrigerated when shielded from light under inert atmosphere; sulfate salt exhibits enhanced solubility at acidic pH 2.1
Synergies
- Primary hair dye intermediates
- Hydrogen peroxide oxidizing systems
Conflicts
- Strong light exposure
- Atmospheric oxygen
- Oxidizing agents outside controlled coloring reactions
Safety
Safety Profile
Requires patch testing and caution labeling under FD&C Act as coal tar derivative; restricted to hair dye applications at concentrations not exceeding 2%
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Specialized hair coloring ingredient with moderate sensitization risk and strict regulatory limitations unsuitable for general skincare applications.
Related
Similar Ingredients
Finding similar ingredients…