Science
Mechanism of Action
Reacts with primary intermediates in the presence of oxidizing agents under alkaline conditions to form stable, high-molecular-weight chromophores that deposit color permanently in hair structures
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence1.5%
Key findings
- 01 SCCNFP safety evaluation at 3.0% showed no dermal/eye irritation in animal studies
- 02 Systemic exposure analysis at 1.5% demonstrated safety margin exceeding 100 during hair dyeing
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Ingredient is specific to hair coloring chemistry and not applicable to skincare formulations
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Exhibits excellent stability in alkaline conditions but degrades rapidly in neutral to acidic environments below pH 7
Synergies
- p-phenylenediamine
- hydrogen peroxide
- ammonia
Conflicts
- N-nitrosating agents
- Strong oxidizing agents (pre-mixing)
- Acidic environments (pH < 7)
Safety
Safety Profile
Identified as skin sensitizer requiring warning labels; maximum 3.0% in formulation becomes 1.5% after dilution with peroxide
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Hair dye-specific ingredient with sensitization concerns that has no place in precision skincare formulations.
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References
Sources