Science
Mechanism of Action
Functions through dual hydroxyl groups that bind water molecules for enhanced skin hydration, while temporarily modifying stratum corneum lipid organization to improve active ingredient penetration and preventing crystallization of key components like ceramides
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence5%
Key findings
- 01 10% concentration showed superior moisturizing and barrier improvement versus butylene glycol and glycerin
- 02 5% demonstrated enhanced penetration of co-formulated actives
- 03 1-10% range proven effective for humectant activity and emulsion stabilization
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Functional ingredient used at meaningful concentrations (1-10%) rather than trace amounts for marketing purposes
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Exceptionally stable with hygroscopic properties and low freezing point contributing to freeze-thaw resistance; risk of acetoin conversion above pH 7.0
Synergies
- Vitamin C (enhanced stability and dispersion)
- Ceramides (prevents crystallization)
- Active ingredients (penetration enhancement)
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
- Strong acids (catalyze dehydration reaction)
Safety
Safety Profile
Despite insufficient CIR data, widely used in EU and Korean markets with typical usage up to 10%
Our Assessment
Verdict
Multifunctional ingredient that combines effective hydration with formulation benefits, though limited by insufficient regulatory safety data.
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References
Sources